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Ubuntu is an Linux operating system that is based on Debian. There are a total of three editions of the OS that have been released with these being Desktop, Server and Core. One of the most popular uses of the operating system is to do with the emergence of cloud computing and it has fundamental and embedded support for Openstack. Updated versions of Ubuntu are released every half a year with bigger updates or what they called long-term support or LTS updates being every 2 years.

Get Docker Engine - Community for Ubuntu Estimated reading time: 12 minutes To get started with Docker Engine - Community on Ubuntu, make sure you meet the prerequisites, then install Docker. Prerequisites Docker EE customers. To install Docker Enterprise Edition (Docker EE), go to Get Docker EE for Ubuntu instead of this topic. Ubuntu (64-bit) is a community developed, Linux-based operating system that is perfect for laptops, desktops and servers. It contains all the applications you need - a Web browser, presentation. Download Ubuntu Software Center 5.2. Install and uninstall programs from your Ubuntu system. Ubuntu Software Center is a free application created by Canonical that allows you to manage all of the programs installed on your system and to install new ones. The function of USC is based mostly on its search.

Today we're going to run through how to run the Ubuntu OS through a Virtual Machine. This means you can run Ubuntu separately even if your desktop is windows based. The process can get a little complex however we're going to simplify it for you today. The first step in the process would be to download an ISO which resembles the same properties as a physical optical disk. These ISO's can typically be found on the internet and once downloaded need to be ran through your Virtual Machine of choice with the two most popular being either VMWare or Virtualbox. As mentioned this process can be difficult so to simplify the process you can use a pre-installed image of Ubuntu OS to save you both time and hassle. This pre-installed image is known as a virtual disk image and will have the extension .vdi if you're using Virtualbox or alternatively .vmdk if you're using VMWare.

Ubuntu 18.10 Virtualbox Image
Google Drive: Download Link
Google Drive (back up): Download Link
This image is fresh and clean ready for use, before using this Ubuntu OS you'll need to firstly create an account. Guest Tool from VirtualBox is installed.

Ubuntu 18.10 VMware Image
Google Drive: Download Link
Google Drive (back up): Download Link
Account: fresh and clean ready for use.
VMware Tool is installed.

Step 1: You will need to run through these steps very carefully and correctly in order to use the Ubuntu VirtualBox image to launch the OS on your Virtual Machine. Firstly you’ll want to install VirtualBox and install the program once it has downloaded.

Step 2: Then you’ll want to extract the image file that you downloaded before. To do this however you will need a program to unzip the file such as WinRar or 7Zip. You’ll have completed this step once, right click on image file then select 'Extract Here' and wait for the extraction to complete.

Step 3: Once you have done all of this you’ll then want to open file 'Play Ubuntu 18.10.vbox' and this will then subsequently open the VirtualBox application.

Go ahead and click start and you will now be running Ubuntu.

Step 4: As we mentioned early you do also need to create yourself an Ubuntu account which is the same as creating yourself a user account on windows for example. Once you have done all of this you are all set to start using Ubuntu. A quick note would be that the guest tool for Virtualbox we mentioned that needed to be installed is already installed on this image so you can save yourself some time not completing that step.

That’s it! You are all set to start using Ubuntu on Virtualbox.

These steps are slightly similar to the steps for VirtualBox however there are some differences so you need to pay attention to these steps if you want to run Ubuntu OS on your Virtual Machine.

Step 1: As before the first step is going to be to install VMWare. There are two versions of VMWare with Workstation Pro being the premium paid for version and the free version being Workstation Player.

Step 2: Just like the second step on VirtualBox instructions you’re going to want to extract the image file that you downloaded before. To do this however you will need a program to unzip the file such as WinRar or 7Zip. Right Click on Ubuntu VMware Image.rar then select 'Extract Here'

Step 3: To run Ubuntu in your VMWare Virtual Machine you simply will want to click on the file 'Play Ubuntu 18.10.vmx'. After this the VMWare application will open and Ubuntu will start running.

Press 'Enter' to boot the Ubuntu.

As it always required by a first time set up of Ubuntu you’re going to want to go ahead and create yourself an Ubuntu user.

If you have completed all of the above steps correctly you should now be able to run Ubuntu OS in your Virtual Machine.

Now you’ve got your Ubuntu OS up and running on your virtual machine you may need to adjust the settings in order to maybe allocate more RAM or CPU to the machine.

To adjust these settings if you’re using VirtualBox go onto your Virtual Machine and click the 'Settings' tab from the System drop down menu. In here you’ll be able to change your settings for both the virtual memory and also adjust the processor settings.

In VMWare, Open your VMware Workstation then select Ubuntu OS and click 'Edit Virtual Machine' and here is where you can change your memory and change the CPU settings.

Ubuntu has been around as an operating system for a while however it is starting to become more and more popular as we’ve mentioned due to the emergence of technologies such as Cloud Computing. It is also essential that you are aware that you don’t need a Linux based machine to be able to explore Ubuntu and all that you can do on it. Following the steps that we have explained today you will be able to run an Ubuntu OS on a Virtual Machine even if you have a windows based desktop.

The title might not be as descriptive as I would like it to be but couldn't come up with a better one.

My server's file system went into Read-only. And I don't understand why it does so and how to solve it.

I can SSH into the server and when trying to start apache2 for example I get the following :

When I try restarting the server I get :

Once I restart it manually it just start up without any warning or message saying something is wrong.

I hope somebody could point me into the right direction to resolve this issue.

Pro BackupJohnJohn

15 Answers

The filesystem will usually go into read-only while the system is running if there is a filesystem consistency issue. This is specified in fstab as errors=remount-ro and will occur when a FS access fails or an emergency read-only remount is requested via Alt+SysRq+U. You can run:

to force a check of all filesystems. As one of the other answers states, looking at dmesg is also very helpful.

Edit: Don't forget the -M on the command-line.

NOTE: As mentioned by Bibhas in his answer: If fsck gets stuck after its version banner:

you may want to try using the EXT4-specific fsck

Provided the partition in question /dev/sda1 was an ext4 filesystem.

hexafractionhexafraction

Here is the command that solved my problem :

better than a reboot or sudo fsck -Af

SulliwaneSulliwane

The answer by hexafraction didn't work for me. Every time I tried executing sudo fsck -Af -M it just showed

and nothing else. No error or anything. For me, booting into a live disc and executing this worked -

Provided the partition in question /dev/sda1 was an ext4 filesystem.

Try running dmesg grep 'EXT4-fs error' to see if you have any issues related to the filesystem / journaling system itself. I would recommend you to restart your system, then. Also, sudo fsck -Af answer by ObsessiveSSOℲ won't hurt.

If you want to force your root filesystem to remount as rw, you can do the following.

Note that sometimes this can be caused by the computer forgetting the system time - disk check fails because the dates in the journal are in THE FUTURE!

Setting the BIOS time (and checking the BIOS battery) fixed this problem for me, without having to do any disk recovery.

Usually linux puts your filesystems in read only when errors occur, especially errors with the disk or the filesystem itself, errors like a wrong journal entry for example.

You better check your dmesg for disk related errors.

Google is full of discussion about this and you can pick the ones that is closer to your configuration, but a look at dmesg is usually enough.

(Deleted previous answer)

Edit: The main problem was on the windows side. After updating my Windows 10, the 'quick start' option automatically got enabled. On disabling that option again, and then again re-starting the machine, the problem went away. Windows 10 gave me heavy headache for days :(

The 'quick start' option can be found in 'power options' in the control panel. Disable that!!! :)

For me,Rebooting a system solving this issue

as he mentioned about it.

If you're dual booting your machine with Ubuntu and Windows together and this issue occurs,it's because Windows changes the filesystem,in that case this might do the trick.Try disabling fast startup

Control Panel > Hardware and Sounds > Power Options > (in the left) Choose what closing the lid does > Change settings that are currently unavailable > Untick 'Turn on fast startup'

Now booting into Ubuntu will solve the issue. Hope this helps!

In my case it was down to RAID 1 stabilizing after the initial installation. I have /boot and / on s/w RAID1. Having left the system overnight and rebooted, everything is working fine.Richard

Check if you have any faulty hardware.I got this error due to a hardisk loosening. Ran mount -o remount,rw / and it worked fine.

If you were in situations that can not use live disc, e.g. you are remotely ssh into your system, you can still using the command that @Bibhas had answered:

It will prompt for fixing your filesystem error. You also need to reboot your system remotely.

It's misconfigured boot settings (try mounting / as ext2) not drive or partition physical error.

dmesg grep 'error' gave me:

It mounted / as read only due to the fstab error=mount-ro directive.

Martin Thornton

Udpxy Ubuntu Download

I am using the 18.04 LTS release and what I did was, first I unmounted my damaged drives then I went into “Disks” app by seaching in the dash. From there I selected the drive which was damaged. Make sure it is unmounted else it won’t work. In the options menu (the little gear shape), and clicked on “repair file system”. Boom! Worked like a charm.

Udpxy Ubuntu Install

protected by heemaylJun 2 '18 at 12:10

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